1. 创建一个虚拟机
1. 宿主机上创建 vbox 的虚拟机目录、硬盘目录、iso 目录
mkdir -p /data/VirtualBox/centos7VMServer1
mkdir -p /data/VirtualBox/disk
mkdir -p /data/VirtualBox/images
2. 创建虚拟机
VBoxManage createvm --name centos7VMServer1 --ostype Linux_64 --register --basefolder /data/VirtualBox/centos7VMServer1
## 在/data/VirtualBox/centos7VMServer1/centos7VMServer1下生成
3. 创建虚拟磁盘（20G
VBoxManage createvdi --filename /data/VirtualBox/disk/centos7VMServer1.vdi --size 20000
##在/data/VirtualBox/disk/ 下生成
4. 创建虚拟机的硬盘控制器
VBoxManage storagectl centos7VMServer1 --name centos7VMServer_controller_1 --add ide
5. 挂载虚拟硬盘和虚拟光驱
VBoxManage storageattach centos7VMServer1 --storagectl centos7VMServer_controller_1 --type hdd --port 0 --device 0 --medium /data/VirtualBox/disk/centos7VMServer1.vdi
VBoxManage storageattach centos7VMServer1 --storagectl centos7VMServer_controller_1 --type dvddrive --port 1 --device 0 --medium /data/VirtualBox/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1611.iso
6. 设置启动顺序
VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer1 --boot1 dvd
VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer1 --boot2 disk
7. 查看自己的网卡，并创建桥接网络
VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer1 --nic1 bridged --cableconnected1 on --nictype1 82540EM --bridgeadapter1 em1 --intnet1 brigh1 --macaddress1 auto
8.VRDE 模块用于启动 RDP 协议，使用微软的 3389 客户端即可连接。最后操作系统安装、设置完成后
VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer1 --vrde on
## 当我们安装完成操作系统时，可以关闭此屏幕输出
## VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer1 --vrde off
9. 调整系统参数 CPU、内存等参数
VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer1 --memory 4096
VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer1 --cpus 2
10. 启动虚拟机
VBoxHeadless -startvm centos7VMServer1
2. centos7 系统安装
1. 安装 rdesktop
## 打开 Terminal
yum install libX11-devel
wget https://github.com/rdesktop/rdesktop/releases/download/v1.8.3/rdesktop-1.8.3.tar.gz
tar -xvf rdesktop-1.8.3.tar.gz
cd rdesktop-1.8.3
./configure --disable-credssp --disable-smartcard
make && make install
2. 连接虚拟机 图型显示 安装系统
rdesktop 192.168.31.16:3389
ip 地址为上面所述 启动3389端口机器IP
3. 后台启动
VBoxManage startvm centos7VMServer1 -type headless
4. 克隆镜像
## 关闭要克隆的虚拟机
VBoxManage controlvm ${name} poweroff
## 执行克隆命令
mkdir -p /data/VirtualBox/centos7VMServer2
VBoxManage clonevm centos7VMServer1 --name centos7VMServer2 --register --basefolder /data/VirtualBox/centos7VMServer2
## 查看vms列表 可以查看成功
VBoxManage list vms
## 然后 打开远程连接
VBoxManage modifyvm centos7VMServer2 --vrde on
## 然后 进入虚拟机修改 ip地址 重启网卡
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3
service network restart
5. VBoxManage 命令
说明
## ${name} 虚拟机名称
1. 开启虚拟机
## -type headless 后台启动
VBoxManage startvm ${name} --type headless
2. 关闭虚拟机
## 正常关机
VBoxManage controlvm ${name} acpopowerbutton
## 强制关机
VBoxManage controlvm ${name} poweroff
## 暂停
VBoxManage controlvm ${name} pause
## 暂停回复
VBoxManage controlvm ${name} resume
## 休眠
VBoxManage controlvm ${name} acpisleepbutton
3. 列出运行中虚拟机
VBoxManage list runningvms
4. 列出所有虚拟机
VBoxManage list vms
5. 查看指定虚拟机信息
## ${name} 此处要填写指定虚拟机的名称
VBoxManage showvminfo ${name}
6. 快照
## 指定虚拟机拍快照
VBoxManage snapshot ${name} take ${newname} --description 描述内容
## 回复最近的快照
VBoxManage snapshot ${name} restore ${newname}
7. 虚拟机重命名
VBoxManage modifyvm ${name} --name ${newname}
8. 删除虚拟机
VBoxManage unregistervm ${name} --delete
附加脚本 对虚拟机集群管理
#!/bin/bash
################################################################################
#
# 通过命令完成VirtualBox操作
#包括:创建 删除 启动 停止 重启 快照 列表查询等
# certor:xinfei
###############################################################################
## 虚拟机名称
## 被拷贝虚拟机的虚拟机名称
vmC
## 虚拟机类型
osType="Linux_64"
## 虚拟机存放路径
baseFolder="/data/VirtualBox/"
## 虚拟机磁盘路径
file
## 虚拟机磁盘大小 单位M 默认20G
size=2000
## 需要安装镜像名称
medium="/data/VirtualBox/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1611.iso"
## 网络模式 默认桥接
nic="bridged"
## 宿主机的网卡名称
bridgeadapter="em1"
## 虚拟机内存大小
memory=4096
##虚拟机cpu个数
cpus=2
## 快照名称
snapshot
## 快照描述
description=""
###################################
##################################
printHelp() {
echo "使用 VirtualBox-Construct.sh 格式"
echo "options 必填 flages默认都可以不需要指定 除非修改某一项需要指向"
echo " "
echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh [options] [flages] [content] [flages] ...."
echo " "
echo "options:"
echo " create :创建新的虚拟机啊 "
echo " [flages]:"
echo " --name <content> :虚拟机名称 "
echo " --ostype <Linux_64|Ubunt_64|Windows10|RedHat_64...> :虚拟机类型 默认Linux_64"
echo " --basefolder <content> :虚拟机存放路径 默认/data/VirtualBox/${name}"
echo " --filename <content> :虚拟机磁盘存放位置 默认/data/VirtualBox/disk/"
echo " --size <content> :虚拟机磁盘大小 单位M 默认 20G"
echo " --medium <content> :虚拟机镜像路径以及镜像名称 /*iso 默认/data/VirtualBox/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1611.iso"
echo " --nic<1-N> <nat|bridged|intnet|hostonly...> :虚拟机网络设置 默认bridged 桥接模式"
echo " --bridgeadapter<1-N> <content> :虚拟机使用主机的哪一个接口 默认em1"
echo " --memory <content> :虚拟机内存大小 单位M 默认4G"
echo " --cpus <content> :虚拟机cpu个数 默认2个"
echo " "
echo " clone :克隆虚拟机"
echo " [flages]:"
echo " --name <content> :虚拟机名称 "
echo " --cname <content> :被克隆虚拟机名称 默认centos7VMServer0"
echo " --basefolder <content> :虚拟机存放路径 默认/data/VirtualBox/${name}"
echo " --size <content> :虚拟机磁盘大小 单位M 默认 20G"
echo " --memory <content> :虚拟机内存大小 单位M 默认4G"
echo " --cpus <content> :虚拟机cpu个数 默认2个"
echo " "
echo " delete :删除虚拟机"
echo " [flages]:"
echo " --name <content> :虚拟机名称 "
echo " "
echo " start :启动虚拟机"
echo " [flages:]"
echo " --name <content> :虚拟机名称 "
echo " "
echo " stop :停止虚拟机"
echo " [flages:]"
echo " --name <content> :虚拟机名称 "
echo " "
echo " restart :重启虚拟机"
echo " [flages:]"
echo " --name <content> :虚拟机名称 "
echo " "
echo " snapshot :快照"
echo " [flages:]"
echo " --name <content> :虚拟机名称 "
echo " --snapshotname <content> :快照名称名称 "
echo " --description <content> :快照描述 默认 \${name}快照 "
echo " "
echo " snapshotrestore :快照回复"
echo " [flages:]"
echo " --name <content> :虚拟机名称 "
echo " --snapshotname <content> :快照名称名称 "
echo " "
echo " snapshotdelete :删除指定快照"
echo " [flages:]"
echo " --name <content> :虚拟机名称 "
echo " --snapshotname <content> :快照名称名称 "
echo " "
echo " vmlist :列出所有已经创建虚拟机"
echo " "
echo " runlist :列出正在运行的虚拟机"
echo " "
echo " snapshotlist"
echo " [flages:]"
echo " --name <content> :虚拟机名称 "
echo " "
echo "示例:"
echo "创建"
echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh create --name centos7VMServer0 --ostype Linux_64 --basefolder /data/VirtualBox/centos7VMServer0 --filename /data/VirtualBox/disk --size 20000 --medium /data/VirtualBox/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1611.iso --nic1 bridged --bridgeadapter1 em1 --memory 4096 --cpus 2"
echo " "
echo "克隆"
echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh clone --cname centos7VMServer0 --name centos7VMServer2 --basefolder /data/VirtualBox/centos7VMServer2 --size 20000 --memory 4096 --cpus 2 "
echo " "
echo "删除"
echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh delete --name centos7VMServer1"
echo " "
echo "启动"
echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh start --name centos7VMServer1"
echo " "
echo "停止"
echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh stop --name centos7VMServer1"
echo " "
echo "重启"
echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh restart --name centos7VMServer1"
echo " "
echo "快照"
echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh snapshot --name centos7VMServer1 --snapshotname centos7VMServer1快照 --description centos7VMServer1快照-2020-11-12"
echo " "
echo "回复快照"
echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh snapshotrestore --name centos7VMServer1 --snapshotname centos7VMServer1快照"
echo " "
echo "快照删除"
echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh snapshotdelete --name centos7VMServer1 --snapshotname centos7VMServer1快照"
echo " "
echo "列出已经创建虚拟机"
echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh vmlist"
echo " "
echo "列出正在运行虚拟机"
echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh runlist"
echo " "
echo "列出指定虚拟机快照"
echo "./VirtualBox-Construct.sh snapshotlist --name centos7VMServer1"
}
checkFlags(){
params=$1
num=$2
nameTime=0
cnameTime=0
floderTime=0
snapshotTime=0
for((i=1;i<=$num;i++))
do
case ${params[$i]} in
--name)
nameTime=$(expr $nameTime + 1)
name=${params[$i+1]}
;;
--cname)
cnameTime=$(expr $cnameTime + 1)
vmCName=${params[$i+1]}
;;
--snapshotname)
snapshotTime=$(expr $snapshotTime + 1)
snapshotName=${params[$i+1]}
;;
--ostype)
osType=${params[$i+1]}
;;
--basefolder)
baseFolder=${params[$i+1]}
floderTime=$(expr $floderTime + 1)
;;
--filename)
fileName=${params[$i+1]}
;;
--size)
size=${params[$i+1]}
;;
--medium)
medium=${params[$i+1]}
;;
--nic*)
nic=${params[$i+1]}
;;
--bridgeadapter*)
bridgeadapter=${params[$i+1]}
;;
--memory)
memory=${params[$i+1]}
;;
--cpus)
cpus=${params[$i+1]}
;;
--description)
description=${params[$i+1]}
;;
*)
;;
esac
done
if [ $nameTime -eq 0 ] || [ $nameTime -ge 2 ];then
echo "缺少--name 参数"
exit 1
fi
if [ $floderTime -eq 0 ];then
baseFolder="$baseFolder/$name"
fi
if [ ${params[0]} == "clone" ];then
if [ $cnameTime -eq 0 ] || [ $cnameTime -ge 2 ];then
echo "缺少--cname 参数"
exit 1
fi
fi
if [ ${params[0]} == "snapshot" ];then
if [ $snapshotTime -eq 0 ] || [ $snapshotTime -ge 2 ] ;then
echo "缺少--snapshotTime 参数"
exit 1
fi
fi
}
createVM() {
params=($1)
num=$2
checkFlags $params $num
## 检测虚拟机是否存在
runVM=`vboxmanage list vms | grep -w $name | awk '{print \$1}'`
echo "runVM:$runVM"
if [ "$runVM" == \"$name\" ];then
echo "虚拟机已经创建了"
exit 0
fi
## 检测存放虚拟机目录是否存在
if [ ! -d "$baseFolder" ];then
mkdir -p $baseFolder
fi
echo "1\. 创建虚拟机"
VBoxManage createvm --name $name --ostype $osType --register --basefolder $baseFolder
echo "2\. 创建虚拟磁盘"
echo "VBoxManage createvdi --filename ${fileName}/${name}.vdi --size $size"
VBoxManage createvdi --filename ${fileName}/${name}.vdi --size $size
echo "3\. 创建虚拟机的硬盘控制器"
VBoxManage storagectl $name --name ${name}_controller_1 --add ide
echo "4\. 挂载虚拟硬盘和虚拟光驱"
VBoxManage storageattach $name --storagectl ${name}_controller_1 --type hdd --port 0 --device 0 --medium $fileName/${name}.vdi
VBoxManage storageattach $name --storagectl ${name}_controller_1 --type dvddrive --port 1 --device 0 --medium $medium
echo "5\. 设置启动顺序"
VBoxManage modifyvm $name --boot1 dvd
VBoxManage modifyvm $name --boot2 disk
echo "6\. 查看自己的网卡，并创建桥接网络"
VBoxManage modifyvm $name --nic1 $nic --cableconnected1 on --nictype1 82540EM --bridgeadapter1 $bridgeadapter --intnet1 brigh1 --macaddress1 auto
echo "7\. VRDE模块"
VBoxManage modifyvm $name --vrde on
echo "8\. 调整系统参数CPU、内存等参数"
VBoxManage modifyvm $name --memory $memory
VBoxManage modifyvm $name --cpus $cpus
echo "9\. 启动虚拟机"
VBoxHeadless -startvm $name
}
cloneVM() {
params=($1)
num=$2
checkFlags $params $num
## 检测存放虚拟机目录是否存在
if [ ! -d "$baseFolder" ];then
mkdir -p $baseFolder
fi
## 1\. 检测要拷贝的虚拟机是否以及关闭
runVM=`vboxmanage list runningvms | grep -w $vmCName | awk '{print \$1}'`
if [ "$runVM" == \"$vmCName\" ];then
echo "被需要拷贝的虚拟机正在启动中 是否需要关闭 [y/n]"
read onoff
if [ "$onoff" == y ];then
VBoxManage controlvm ${vmCName} poweroff
else
exit 0
fi
fi
## 2\. 拷贝
VBoxManage clonevm $vmCName --name $name --register --basefolder $baseFolder
## 3\. 查看列表
VBoxManage list vms
## 4\. 设置远程连接
VBoxManage modifyvm $name --vrde on --memory $memory --cpus $cpus
## 5\. 启动
VBoxManage startvm $name -type headless
}
deleteVM() {
params=($1)
num=$2
checkFlags $params $num
## 1\. 检测要删除的虚拟机是否以及关闭
runVM=`vboxmanage list runningvms | grep -w $name | awk '{print \$1}'`
if [ "$runVM" == \"$name\" ];then
echo "被需要删除的虚拟机正在启动中 是否确定关闭 [y/n]"
read onoff
if [ "$onoff" == y ];then
VBoxManage controlvm ${name} poweroff
else
exit 0
fi
fi
VBoxManage unregistervm ${name} --delete
rm -rf /data/VirtualBox/${name}
}
startVM() {
params=($1)
num=$2
checkFlags $params $num
## 1\. 检测要拷贝的虚拟机是否以及关闭
runVM=`vboxmanage list runningvms | grep -w $name | awk '{print \$1}'`
if [ "$runVM" == \"$name\" ];then
echo "虚拟机已经启动了"
exit 0
fi
VBoxManage startvm ${name} --type headless
}
stopVM() {
params=($1)
num=$2
checkFlags $params $num
VBoxManage controlvm ${name} poweroff
}
restartVM() {
params=($1)
num=$2
checkFlags $params $num
VBoxManage controlvm ${name} poweroff
VBoxManage startvm ${name} --type headless
}
snapshotVM() {
params=($1)
num=$2
checkFlags $params $num
if [ ${#description} -eq 0 ];then
description="${snapshotName}快照"
fi
VBoxManage snapshot ${name} take ${snapshotName} --description $description
}
snapshotrestoreVM() {
params=($1)
num=$2
checkFlags $params $num
## 检测回复快照是否启动中
runVM=`vboxmanage list runningvms | grep -w $name | awk '{print \$1}'`
if [ "$runVM" == \"$name\" ];then
echo "回复快照的虚拟机正在启动中 是否确定关闭 [y/n]"
read onoff
if [ "$onoff" == y ];then
VBoxManage controlvm ${name} poweroff
else
exit 0
fi
fi
VBoxManage snapshot ${name} restore ${snapshotName}
}
snapshotdeleteVM() {
params=($1)
num=$2
checkFlags $params $num
vboxmanage snapshot ${name} delete ${snapshotName}
}
snapshotlistVM() {
params=($1)
num=$2
checkFlags $params $num
vboxmanage snapshot ${name} list
}
option=$1
args=$@
case $option in
create)
checkParamsNum=$#
if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
createVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
else
echo "params error"
exit 1
fi
;;
clone)
checkParamsNum=$#
if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
cloneVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
else
echo "params error"
exit 1
fi
;;
delete)
checkParamsNum=$#
if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
deleteVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
else
echo "params error"
exit 1
fi
;;
start)
checkParamsNum=$#
if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
startVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
else
echo "params error"
exit 1
fi
;;
stop)
checkParamsNum=$#
if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
stopVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
else
echo "params error"
exit 1
fi
;;
restart)
checkParamsNum=$#
if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
restartVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
else
echo "params error"
exit 1
fi
;;
snapshot)
checkParamsNum=$#
if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
snapshotVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
else
echo "params error"
exit 1
fi
;;
snapshotrestore)
checkParamsNum=$#
if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
snapshotrestoreVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
else
echo "params error"
exit 1
fi
;;
snapshotdelete)
checkParamsNum=$#
if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
snapshotdeleteVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
else
echo "params error"
exit 1
fi
;;
vmlist)
vboxmanage list vms
;;
runlist)
vboxmanage list runningvms
;;
snapshotlist)
checkParamsNum=$#
if [ $(($checkParamsNum%2)) -ne 0 ];then
snapshotlistVM "$args" $checkParamsNum
else
echo "params error"
exit 1
fi
;;
*)
printHelp
;;
esac
exit 0
