KVM虚拟化笔记（一）------kvm虚拟化环境安装-摩杜云开发者社区

在安装虚拟化环境的时候，首先查看下该服务器的硬件配置和环境，具体操作如下：

(一)检查硬件的相关情况：

1，查看cpu型号，物理cpu颗数,

[root@KVM ~]#  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -d: -f2 | uniq -c
      2  Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-4150 CPU @ 3.50GHz
[root@KVM ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | sort -n | uniq -c
      2 address sizes   : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
     16 physical id     : 0             ###说明有一颗cpu,颗数是从0开始的

2，查看内存

[root@KVM ~]# dmidecode|grep -A5 "Memory Device"|grep Size | cut -d: -f2 | sort -n | uniq -c
     63  No Module Installed
     63  1 kB
      1  8 GB     
      1  8192 MB                          ###接了一根内存，每根内存的大小为8G

3，查看其它的相关参数:

[root@KVM ~]# dmidecode  | grep -A16 "Memory Device" | grep Speed | sort -n | uniq -c
     64         Speed: Unknown
[root@KVM ~]# dmidecode|grep  'Maximum Capacity'
        Maximum Capacity: 1 TB
[root@KVM ~]#

（二）安装kvm

1，查看服务器是否支持虚拟化

[root@KVM ~]# grep -E -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo

vmx

2，安装kvm软件包

[root@KVM ~]# yum -y install kvm python-virtinst libvirt tunctl bridge-utils virt-manager qemu-kvm-tools virt-viewer  virt-v2v

3，安装kvm虚拟化管理工具包

[root@KVM ~]# yum install  libguestfs-tools -y

4，查看虚拟机的相关环境

[root@KVM ~]# /etc/init.d/libvirtd restart
Stopping libvirtd daemon:                                  [  OK  ]
Starting libvirtd daemon:                                  [  OK  ]
[root@KVM ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 1     hadoop4                        running

[root@KVM ~]# virsh --version              ###查看虚拟机的版本
0.10.2
[root@KVM ~]# virt-install --version       ###查看虚拟机工具的版本
0.600.0
[root@KVM ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@KVM ~]# qemu-kvm -version            
QEMU PC emulator version 0.12.1 (qemu-kvm-0.12.1.2-2.479.el6_7.3), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
[root@KVM ~]#

5，手动创建虚拟网桥：

a,首先NetworkManager服务：

[root@KVM network-scripts]# /etc/init.d/NetworkManager status

NetworkManager (pid 1132) is running...

[root@KVM network-scripts]# /etc/init.d/NetworkManager stop

Stopping NetworkManager daemon: [ OK ]

[root@KVM network-scripts]# /etc/init.d/NetworkManager status

NetworkManager is stopped

[root@KVM network-scripts]# chkconfig NetworkManager off

b,创建br0网桥：

[root@KVM network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-br0
[root@KVM network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
NM_CONTROLLED="no"
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
BRIDGE=br0
IPADDR=10.1.156.201
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=10.1.156.1
DNS1=10.1.156.1
DNS2=114.114.114.114
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
NAME=Systemeth0

[root@KVM network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-br0 

DEVICE=br0
HWADDR=00:0C:29:75:92:CF
TYPE=Bridge
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=10.1.156.200
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=10.1.156.1
DNS1=10.1.156.1
DNS2=114.114.114.114

c，关闭了networkmanager服务之后，才能通过service networkrestart管理网络

[root@KVM ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart                                                      
Shutting down interface br0:                               [  OK  ]
Shutting down interface eth0:                              [  OK  ]
Shutting down loopback interface:                          [  OK  ]
Bringing up loopback interface:                            [  OK  ]
Bringing up interface eth0:                                [  OK  ]
Bringing up interface br0:  Determining if ip address 10.1.156.200 is already in use for device br0...
                                                           [  OK  ]

如图：

d,查看网桥br0

[root@KVM ~]# ifconfig
br0       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:75:92:CF  
          inet addr:10.1.156.200  Bcast:10.1.156.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe75:92cf/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:181 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:28 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:17908 (17.4 KiB)  TX bytes:3068 (2.9 KiB)
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:75:92:CF  
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe75:92cf/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:183 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:32 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:20562 (20.0 KiB)  TX bytes:3396 (3.3 KiB)
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:1033 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1033 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:62322 (60.8 KiB)  TX bytes:62322 (60.8 KiB)
virbr0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:F1:6D:D1  
          inet addr:192.168.122.1  Bcast:192.168.122.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
vnet0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr FE:54:00:FE:F5:A3  
          inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fefe:f5a3/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:31517 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:1639040 (1.5 MiB)

e,查看网桥

[root@KVM ~]# brctl show
bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces
br0             8000.000c297592cf       no            eth0
virbr0          8000.525400f16dd1        yes            virbr0-nic
                                              vnet0

kvm环境安装完成。