简单的战旗游戏开发学习
在网上找寻教程之后搞出了这么个雏形
游戏介绍
游戏实现了战斗场景的回合制玩法： 对战双方每个生物每一轮有一次行动机会，可以行走或攻击对方。 每个生物属性有：行走范围，速度，生命，伤害，防御，攻击 和 是否是远程兵种。 当把对方生物都消灭时，即胜利。
代码介绍
对于战旗类游戏的核心还是地图，虽然网上有六边形的地图教程但是没看太懂就做正方形的吧 首先定义函数，width 和 height 为地图的宽度和长度，bg_map 设置方格的背景颜色， entity_map 保存哪个方格上有生物。active_entity表示当前要行动的生物。
class Map(): def __init__(self, width, height, grid): self.width = width self.height = height self.bg_map = [[0 for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)] self.entity_map = [[None for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)] self.active_entity = None self.select = None self.setupMapImage(grid) self.setupMouseImage()
当我方生物选择行动时，设置生物可行走范围内的方格背景为 c.BG_RANGE 。active_entity 的 inRange 函数判断一个方格是否在行走范围内。
def updateMap(self): for y in range(self.height): for x in range(self.width): self.bg_map[y][x] = c.BG_EMPTY if self.entity_map[y][x] is not None and self.entity_map[y][x].isDead(): self.entity_map[y][x] = None if self.active_entity is None or self.active_entity.state != c.IDLE: return map_x, map_y = self.active_entity.map_x, self.active_entity.map_y self.bg_map[map_y][map_x] = c.BG_ACTIVE for y in range(self.height): for x in range(self.width): if not self.isMovable(x,y) or not self.isValid(x,y): continue if self.active_entity.inRange(self, x, y): self.bg_map[y][x] = c.BG_RANGE mouse_x, mouse_y = pg.mouse.get_pos() self.checkMouseMove(mouse_x, mouse_y)
接下来完善下我们的map代码
import pygame as pgfrom .. import toolfrom .. import constants as cclass Map(): def __init__(self, width, height, grid): self.width = width self.height = height self.bg_map = [[0 for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)] self.entity_map = [[None for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)] self.active_entity = None self.select = None self.setupMapImage(grid) self.setupMouseImage() def setupMapImage(self, grid): self.grid_map = [[0 for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)] if grid is not None: for data in grid: x, y, type = data['x'], data['y'], data['type'] self.grid_map[y][x] = type self.map_image = pg.Surface((self.width * c.REC_SIZE, self.height * c.REC_SIZE)).convert() self.rect = self.map_image.get_rect() self.rect.x = 0 self.rect.y = 0 for y in range(self.height): for x in range(self.width): type = self.grid_map[y][x] if type != c.MAP_EMPTY: if c.MAP_HEXAGON: base_x, base_y = tool.getHexMapPos(x, y) self.map_image.blit(tool.GRID[type], (base_x, base_y)) else: self.map_image.blit(tool.GRID[type], (x * c.REC_SIZE, y * c.REC_SIZE)) self.map_image.set_colorkey(c.BLACK) def setupMouseImage(self): self.mouse_frames = [] frame_rect = (0, 0, 25, 27) self.mouse_image = tool.get_image(tool.GFX[c.MOUSE], *frame_rect, c.BLACK, 1) self.mouse_rect = self.mouse_image.get_rect() pg.mouse.set_visible(False) def isValid(self, map_x, map_y): if c.MAP_HEXAGON: if map_y % 2 == 0: max_x = self.width else: max_x = self.width - 1 else: max_x = self.width if (map_x < 0 or map_x >= max_x or map_y < 0 or map_y >= self.height): return False return True def isMovable(self, map_x, map_y): return (self.entity_map[map_y][map_x] == None and self.grid_map[map_y][map_x] != c.MAP_STONE) def getMapIndex(self, x, y): if c.MAP_HEXAGON: return tool.getHexMapIndex(x, y) else: return (x//c.REC_SIZE, y//c.REC_SIZE) def getDistance(self, x1, y1, map_x2, map_y2): if c.MAP_HEXAGON: x2, y2 = tool.getHexMapPos(map_x2, map_y2) x2 += c.HEX_X_SIZE // 2 y2 += c.HEX_Y_SIZE // 2 distance = (abs(x1 - x2) + abs(y1 - y2)) else: map_x1, map_y1 = self.getMapIndex(x1, y1) x2 = map_x2 * c.REC_SIZE + c.REC_SIZE//2 y2 = map_y2 * c.REC_SIZE + c.REC_SIZE//2 distance = (abs(x1 - x2) + abs(y1 - y2)) if map_x1 != map_x2 and map_y1 != map_y2: distance -= c.REC_SIZE//2 return distance def checkMouseClick(self, x, y): if self.active_entity is None: return False map_x, map_y = self.getMapIndex(x, y) if not self.isValid(map_x, map_y): return False entity = self.entity_map[map_y][map_x] if ((entity is None or entity == self.active_entity) and self.active_entity.inRange(self, map_x, map_y)): self.active_entity.setDestination(map_x, map_y) return True elif entity is not None: if self.active_entity.isRemote(): self.active_entity.setTarget(entity) return True elif self.select is not None: self.active_entity.setDestination(self.select[0], self.select[1], entity) return True return False def checkMouseMove(self, x, y): if self.active_entity is None: return False map_x, map_y = self.getMapIndex(x, y) if not self.isValid(map_x, map_y): return False self.select = None entity = self.entity_map[map_y][map_x] if ((self.isMovable(map_x, map_y) or entity == self.active_entity) and self.active_entity.inRange(self, map_x, map_y)): self.bg_map[map_y][map_x] = c.BG_SELECT elif entity is not None: if entity.group_id != self.active_entity.group_id: if self.active_entity.isRemote(): self.bg_map[map_y][map_x] = c.BG_ATTACK else: dir_list = tool.getAttackPositions(map_x, map_y) res_list = [] for offset_x, offset_y in dir_list: if self.isValid(map_x + offset_x, map_y + offset_y): type = self.bg_map[map_y + offset_y][map_x + offset_x] if type == c.BG_RANGE or type == c.BG_ACTIVE: res_list.append((map_x + offset_x, map_y + offset_y)) if len(res_list) > 0: min_dis = c.MAP_WIDTH for tmp_x, tmp_y in res_list: distance = self.getDistance(x, y, tmp_x, tmp_y) if distance < min_dis: min_dis = distance res = (tmp_x, tmp_y) self.bg_map[res[1]][res[0]] = c.BG_SELECT self.bg_map[map_y][map_x] = c.BG_ATTACK self.select = res def setEntity(self, map_x, map_y, value): self.entity_map[map_y][map_x] = value def drawMouseShow(self, surface): x, y = pg.mouse.get_pos() map_x, map_y = self.getMapIndex(x, y) if self.isValid(map_x, map_y): self.mouse_rect.x = x self.mouse_rect.y = y surface.blit(self.mouse_image, self.mouse_rect) def updateMap(self): for y in range(self.height): for x in range(self.width): self.bg_map[y][x] = c.BG_EMPTY if self.entity_map[y][x] is not None and self.entity_map[y][x].isDead(): self.entity_map[y][x] = None if self.active_entity is None or self.active_entity.state != c.IDLE: return map_x, map_y = self.active_entity.map_x, self.active_entity.map_y self.bg_map[map_y][map_x] = c.BG_ACTIVE for y in range(self.height): for x in range(self.width): if not self.isMovable(x,y) or not self.isValid(x,y): continue if self.active_entity.inRange(self, x, y): self.bg_map[y][x] = c.BG_RANGE mouse_x, mouse_y = pg.mouse.get_pos() self.checkMouseMove(mouse_x, mouse_y) def drawBackground(self, surface): if c.MAP_HEXAGON: return self.drawBackgroundHex(surface) pg.draw.rect(surface, c.LIGHTYELLOW, pg.Rect(0, 0, c.MAP_WIDTH, c.MAP_HEIGHT)) for y in range(self.height): for x in range(self.width): if self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_EMPTY: color = c.LIGHTYELLOW elif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_ACTIVE: color = c.SKY_BLUE elif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_RANGE: color = c.NAVYBLUE elif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_SELECT: color = c.GREEN elif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_ATTACK: color = c.GOLD pg.draw.rect(surface, color, (x * c.REC_SIZE, y * c.REC_SIZE, c.REC_SIZE, c.REC_SIZE)) surface.blit(self.map_image, self.rect) for y in range(self.height): # draw a horizontal line start_pos = (0, 0 + c.REC_SIZE * y) end_pos = (c.MAP_WIDTH, c.REC_SIZE * y) pg.draw.line(surface, c.BLACK, start_pos, end_pos, 1) for x in range(self.width): # draw a horizontal line start_pos = (c.REC_SIZE * x, 0) end_pos = (c.REC_SIZE * x, c.MAP_HEIGHT) pg.draw.line(surface, c.BLACK, start_pos, end_pos, 1) def calHeuristicDistance(self, x1, y1, x2, y2): if c.MAP_HEXAGON: dis_y = abs(y1 - y2) dis_x = abs(x1 - x2) half_y = dis_y // 2 if dis_y >= dis_x: dis_x = 0 else: dis_x -= half_y return (dis_y + dis_x) else: return abs(x1 - x2) + abs(y1 - y2) def drawBackgroundHex(self, surface): Y_LEN = c.HEX_Y_SIZE // 2 X_LEN = c.HEX_X_SIZE // 2 pg.draw.rect(surface, c.LIGHTYELLOW, pg.Rect(0, 0, c.MAP_WIDTH, c.MAP_HEIGHT)) for y in range(self.height): for x in range(self.width): if self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_EMPTY: color = c.LIGHTYELLOW elif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_ACTIVE: color = c.SKY_BLUE elif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_RANGE: color = c.NAVYBLUE elif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_SELECT: color = c.GREEN elif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_ATTACK: color = c.GOLD base_x, base_y = tool.getHexMapPos(x, y) points = [(base_x, base_y + Y_LEN//2 + Y_LEN), (base_x, base_y + Y_LEN//2), (base_x + X_LEN, base_y), (base_x + X_LEN * 2, base_y + Y_LEN//2), (base_x + X_LEN * 2, base_y + Y_LEN//2 + Y_LEN), (base_x + X_LEN, base_y + Y_LEN*2)] pg.draw.polygon(surface, color, points) surface.blit(self.map_image, self.rect) for y in range(self.height): for x in range(self.width): if y % 2 == 1 and x == self.width - 1: continue base_x, base_y = tool.getHexMapPos(x, y) points = [(base_x, base_y + Y_LEN//2 + Y_LEN), (base_x, base_y + Y_LEN//2), (base_x + X_LEN, base_y), (base_x + X_LEN * 2, base_y + Y_LEN//2), (base_x + X_LEN * 2, base_y + Y_LEN//2 + Y_LEN), (base_x + X_LEN, base_y + Y_LEN*2)] pg.draw.lines(surface, c.BLACK, True, points)
接下来我们要搞定的就是人物类，我们的函数要实现：1.生物属于敌我哪一方 2.初始时生物在地图上的位置 3.保存生物的所有属性 4.生物的行走 5.生物的三种形态那么看代码
import pygame as pg
from .. import tool
from .. import constants as c
from .. import AStarSearch
from . import map
class FireBall():
def __init__(self, x, y, enemy, hurt):
# first 3 Frames are flying, last 4 frams are exploding
frame_rect = (0,0,14,14) self.image = tool.get_image(tool.GFX[c.FIREBALL], *frame_rect, c.BLACK, c.SIZE_MULTIPLIER) self.rect = self.image.get_rect() self.rect.centerx = x self.rect.centery = y self.enemy = enemy self.hurt = hurt self.done = False self.calVelocity()
def calVelocity(self):
#print('calVelocity: x:', self.enemy.rect.centerx, self.rect.centerx, 'y:', self.enemy.rect.centery,self.rect.centery)
dis_x = self.enemy.rect.centerx - self.rect.centerx
dis_y = self.enemy.rect.centery - self.rect.centery
distance = (dis_x ** 2 + dis_y ** 2) ** 0.5
self.x_vel = (dis_x * 10)/distance self.y_vel = (dis_y * 10)/distance
def update(self): self.rect.x += self.x_vel self.rect.y += self.y_vel if abs(self.rect.x - self.enemy.rect.x) + abs(self.rect.y - self.enemy.rect.y) < 25: self.enemy.setHurt(self.hurt) self.done = True
def draw(self, surface):
surface.blit(self.image, self.rect)
class EntityAttr():
def __init__(self, data): self.max_health = data[c.ATTR_HEALTH] self.range = data[c.ATTR_RANGE] self.damage = data[c.ATTR_DAMAGE] self.attack = data[c.ATTR_ATTACK] self.defense = data[c.ATTR_DEFENSE] self.speed = data[c.ATTR_SPEED] if data[c.ATTR_REMOTE] == 0: self.remote = False else: self.remote = True
def getHurt(self, enemy_attr):
offset = 0
if self.attack > enemy_attr.defense:
offset = (self.attack - enemy_attr.defense) * 0.05
elif self.attack < enemy_attr.defense:
offset = (self.attack - enemy_attr.defense) * 0.025
hurt = int(self.damage * (1 + offset)) return hurt
class Entity():
def __init__(self, group, sheet, map_x, map_y, data): self.group = group self.group_id = group.group_id self.map_x = map_x self.map_y = map_y self.frames = [] self.frame_index = 0
self.loadFrames(sheet) self.image = self.frames[self.frame_index] self.rect = self.image.get_rect() self.rect.x, self.rect.y = self.getRectPos(map_x, map_y)
self.attr = EntityAttr(data) self.health = self.attr.max_health self.weapon = None
self.enemy = None
self.state = c.IDLE self.animate_timer = 0.0
self.current_time = 0.0
self.move_speed = c.MOVE_SPEED
def getRectPos(self, map_x, map_y): if c.MAP_HEXAGON:
base_x, base_y = tool.getHexMapPos(map_x, map_y) return (base_x + 4, base_y + 6) else: return(map_x * c.REC_SIZE + 5, map_y * c.REC_SIZE + 8)
def getRecIndex(self, x, y): if c.MAP_HEXAGON:
x += c.HEX_X_SIZE // 2 - 4
y += c.HEX_Y_SIZE // 2 - 6
map_x, map_y = tool.getHexMapIndex(x, y) else:
map_x, map_y = (x//c.REC_SIZE, y//c.REC_SIZE)
return (map_x, map_y)
def loadFrames(self, sheet):
frame_rect_list = [(64, 0, 32, 32), (96, 0, 32, 32)] for frame_rect in frame_rect_list: self.frames.append(tool.get_image(sheet, *frame_rect,
c.BLACK, c.SIZE_MULTIPLIER))
def setDestination(self, map_x, map_y, enemy=None): self.dest_x, self.dest_y = self.getRectPos(map_x, map_y) self.next_x, self.next_y = self.rect.x, self.rect.y self.enemy = enemy self.state = c.WALK
def setTarget(self, enemy): self.enemy = enemy self.state = c.ATTACK
def getHealthRatio(self): if self.health > 0: return self.health / self.attr.max_health else: return 0
def isDead(self): return self.health <= 0
def isRemote(self): return self.attr.remote
def inRange(self, map, map_x, map_y):
location = AStarSearch.AStarSearch(map, (self.map_x, self.map_y), (map_x, map_y)) if location is not None:
_, _, distance = AStarSearch.getFirstStepAndDistance(location) if distance <= self.attr.range: return True return False
def putHurt(self, enemy):
hurt = self.attr.getHurt(enemy.attr)
enemy.setHurt(hurt)
def setHurt(self, damage): self.health -= damage if self.isDead(): self.group.removeEntity(self)
def shoot(self, enemy):
hurt = self.attr.getHurt(enemy.attr) self.weapon = FireBall(*self.rect.center, self.enemy, hurt)
def walkToDestination(self, map): if self.rect.x == self.next_x and self.rect.y == self.next_y:
source = self.getRecIndex(self.rect.x, self.rect.y)
dest = self.getRecIndex(self.dest_x, self.dest_y)
location = AStarSearch.AStarSearch(map, source, dest) if location is not None:
map_x, map_y, _ = AStarSearch.getFirstStepAndDistance(location) self.next_x, self.next_y = self.getRectPos(map_x, map_y) else: self.state = c.IDLE if c.MAP_HEXAGON and self.rect.x != self.next_x and self.rect.y != self.next_y: self.rect.x += self.move_speed if self.rect.x < self.next_x else -self.move_speed self.rect.y += self.move_speed if self.rect.y < self.next_y else -self.move_speed
elif self.rect.x != self.next_x: self.rect.x += self.move_speed if self.rect.x < self.next_x else -self.move_speed
elif self.rect.y != self.next_y: self.rect.y += self.move_speed if self.rect.y < self.next_y else -self.move_speed
def update(self, game_info, map): self.current_time = game_info[c.CURRENT_TIME] if self.state == c.WALK: if (self.current_time - self.animate_timer) > 250: if self.frame_index == 0: self.frame_index = 1
else: self.frame_index = 0
self.animate_timer = self.current_time if self.rect.x != self.dest_x or self.rect.y != self.dest_y: self.walkToDestination(map) else:
map.setEntity(self.map_x, self.map_y, None) self.map_x, self.map_y = self.getRecIndex(self.dest_x, self.dest_y)
map.setEntity(self.map_x, self.map_y, self) if self.enemy is None: self.state = c.IDLE else: self.state = c.ATTACK
elif self.state == c.ATTACK: if self.attr.remote: if self.weapon is None: self.shoot(self.enemy) else: self.weapon.update() if self.weapon.done: self.weapon = None
self.enemy = None
self.state = c.IDLE else: self.putHurt(self.enemy) self.enemy = None
self.state = c.IDLE
if self.state == c.IDLE: self.frame_index = 0
def draw(self, surface): self.image = self.frames[self.frame_index]
surface.blit(self.image, self.rect)
width = self.rect.width * self.getHealthRatio()
height = 5
pg.draw.rect(surface, c.RED, pg.Rect(self.rect.left, self.rect.top - height - 1, width, height))
if self.weapon is not None: self.weapon.draw(surface)
class EntityGroup():
def __init__(self, group_id): self.group = [] self.group_id = group_id self.entity_index = 0
def createEntity(self, entity_list, map): for data in entity_list:
entity_name, map_x, map_y = data['name'], data['x'], data['y'] if map_x < 0:
map_x = c.GRID_X_LEN + map_x if map_y < 0:
map_y = c.GRID_Y_LEN + map_y
entity = Entity(self, tool.GFX[entity_name], map_x, map_y, tool.ATTR[entity_name]) self.group.append(entity)
map.setEntity(map_x, map_y, entity)
#self.group = sorted(self.group, key=lambda x:x.attr.speed, reverse=True)
def removeEntity(self, entity): for i in range(len(self.group)): if self.group[i] == entity: if (self.entity_index > i or
(self.entity_index >= len(self.group) - 1)): self.entity_index -= 1
self.group.remove(entity)
def isEmpty(self): if len(self.group) == 0: return True return False
def nextTurn(self): self.entity_index = 0
def getActiveEntity(self): if self.entity_index >= len(self.group):
entity = None
else:
entity = self.group[self.entity_index] return entity
def consumeEntity(self): self.entity_index += 1
def update(self, game_info, map): for entity in self.group:
entity.update(game_info, map)
def draw(self, surface): for entity in self.group:
entity.draw(surface)
完成这两个类后我们的游戏（手游）基本上就完成了
游戏运行截图
