SpringCloud（九）zuul网关路由与负载均衡-摩杜云开发者社区

前言：

在前面的章节中，微服务架构中，每一个微服务都需要暴漏，不同的url，不同的端口，没有一个统一的入口，这样设计显然不合理，网关的一个功能就是实现一个统一的入口，所有请求经过网关，然后网关统一代理到各个微服务，并且能实现负载均衡的功能。

代码：

工程构造如下；

SpringCloud（九）zuul网关路由与负载均衡_xml

工程的pom.xml文件：用的springboot2.0

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.xhx.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud10-zuul</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>eureka-server</module>
        <module>eureka-service</module>
        <module>eureka-feign</module>
        <module>zuul-service</module>
    </modules>

    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <name>springcloud10-zuul</name>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RC2</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
</project>

创建一个Eureka微服务module：

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.xhx.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud10-zuul</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>
    <name>eureka-server</name>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 8761
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    fetch-registry: false
    service-url:
      default-zone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka

启动类：

package com.xhx.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

创建一个服务端微服务module

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>eureka-service</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>eureka-service</name>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.xhx.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud10-zuul</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 8082
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      default-zone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-service

controller类：

package com.xhx.springcloud.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.validation.Valid;

/**
 * xuhaixing
 * 2018/6/3 16:18
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "hello")
public class HelloController {

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String port;

    @RequestMapping(value = "getName")
    public String getName(@RequestParam("name")  String name){
        return name+port;
    }
}

启动类：

package com.xhx.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient 
public class EurekaServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServiceApplication.class, args);
    }
}

创建一个微服务消费者module:

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.xhx.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>eureka-feign</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>eureka-feign</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.xhx.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud10-zuul</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId> spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 8085
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      default-zone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-feign
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

feign api

package com.xhx.springcloud.api;

import com.xhx.springcloud.hystrix.HelloFeignHystrix;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

/**
 * xuhaixing
 * 2018/6/5 16:51
 */
@FeignClient(value = "EUREKA-SERVICE",path = "hello", fallback =HelloFeignHystrix.class)
public interface HelloFeign {

    @RequestMapping(value = "getName")
    public String getName(@RequestParam("name") String name);//@RequestParam 必须加上，否则可能会接不到参数
}

hystrix

package com.xhx.springcloud.hystrix;

import com.xhx.springcloud.api.HelloFeign;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * xuhaixing
 * 2018/6/6 13:36
 */
@Component
public class HelloFeignHystrix implements HelloFeign {
    @Override
    public String getName(String name) {
        return "请求第三方api错误";
    }
}

controller

package com.xhx.springcloud.controller;

import com.netflix.discovery.converters.Auto;
import com.xhx.springcloud.api.HelloFeign;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * xuhaixing
 * 2018/6/3 16:27
 */
@RestController
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableHystrix
public class RibbionController {

    @Autowired
    private HelloFeign helloFeign;

    @RequestMapping(value = "getName")
    public String getName(String name){
        return helloFeign.getName(name);
    }
}

启动类：

package com.xhx.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients   //启用feign
public class EurekaFeignApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaFeignApplication.class, args);
    }
}

下面创建网关：

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud10-zuul</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.xhx.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>zuul-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>

</project>

application.yml，暂时什么都不配置

server:
  port: 8090
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      default-zone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
spring:
  application:
    name: zuul-service

启动类：

package com.xhx.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

/**
 * xuhaixing
 * 2018/6/11 16:39
 */
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableZuulProxy
@SpringBootApplication
public class ZuulServiceApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZuulServiceApplication.class,args);
    }
}

这几个服务都启动，启动微服务服务端，改下端口号，启动两个实例，访问eureka http://localhost:8761/

SpringCloud（九）zuul网关路由与负载均衡_xml_02

下面通过网关访问微服务：

localhost:8090/eureka-feign/getName 访问服务消费者的getName方法，服务名称必须是小写，多访问几次，会发现自带负载均衡功能

SpringCloud（九）zuul网关路由与负载均衡_spring_03

SpringCloud（九）zuul网关路由与负载均衡_xml_04

访问eureka时还需要直接带上微服务的名称这样明显不好，这一节些实现基本功能，下一节进行网关配置。

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