linux centos常用硬件查看命令-摩杜云开发者社区

一.系统

1.版本

① 确认是64位还是32位，其他信息不多

$ uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Feb 16 17:03:50 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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② 看到更多信息

$ more /etc/*release
::::::::::::::
/etc/centos-release
::::::::::::::
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
::::::::::::::
/etc/os-release
::::::::::::::
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"

::::::::::::::
/etc/redhat-release
::::::::::::::
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
::::::::::::::
/etc/system-release
::::::::::::::
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
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2.CPU
总核数 = 物理CPU个数 × 每颗物理CPU的核数
总逻辑CPU数 = 物理CPU个数 × 每颗物理CPU的核数 × 超线程数
① 查看物理CPU个数

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l
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② 查看每颗物理CPU中core的个数（即核数）

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cpu cores" | uniq
cpu cores : 8
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③ 查看逻辑CPU的个数

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l
16
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④ 查看CPU信息（型号）

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
16 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2666 v3 @ 2.90GHz
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⑤ 查看CPU详细信息

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 63
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2666 v3 @ 2.90GHz
stepping : 2
microcode : 0x3c
cpu MHz : 2900.028
cache size : 25600 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 16
core id : 0
cpu cores : 8
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl xtopology eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid xsaveopt
bogomips : 5800.05
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
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3.运行模式
① 查看CPU运行在多少位模式下

$ getconf LONG_BIT
64
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② 如果是32，说明当前CPU运行在32bit模式下，但不代表CPU不支持64bit

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ' lm ' | wc -l
16
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结果大于0，说明支持64bit计算，lm指long mode，支持lm则是64bit

4.计算机名
① 计算机名

$ hostname
localhost.localdomain
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5.查看环境变量
① 环境变量

$ env
XDG_SESSION_ID=4
HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain
SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED=
TERM=vt100
SHELL=/bin/bash
HISTSIZE=1000
SSH_CLIENT=192.168.174.1 58896 22
SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE=
SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0
USER=root
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6.系统运行
① 系统运行时间

$ uptime
02:16:07 up 36 days, 27 min, 7 users, load average: 1.38, 1.36, 1.34
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02:16:07 // 系统当前时间
up 36 days, 27 min // 主机已运行时间,36天27分钟，时间越大，说明你的机器越稳定。
7 users // 用户连接数，是总连接数而不是用户数
load average: 1.38, 1.36, 1.34 // 系统平均负载，统计最近1，5，15分钟的系统平均负载
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② 查看平均负载

$ cat /proc/loadavg
1.80 1.53 1.41 4/3909 4106
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前面三个值分别对应系统当前1分钟、5分钟、15分钟内的平均load；
后面的1个分数，分母表示系统进程总数，分子表示正在运行的进程数；
最后一个数字表示最近运行的进程ID。

二.资源

1.内存

① 内存详细信息

$ cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 30440564 kB
MemFree: 1292332 kB
MemAvailable: 9045208 kB
Buffers: 788 kB
Cached: 8805368 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 23305524 kB
Inactive: 4361900 kB
Active(anon): 19620352 kB
Inactive(anon): 869288 kB
Active(file): 3685172 kB
Inactive(file): 3492612 kB
Unevictable: 0 kB
Mlocked: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 0 kB
SwapFree: 0 kB
Dirty: 1396 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 18861432 kB
Mapped: 281464 kB
Shmem: 1628228 kB
Slab: 1021668 kB
SReclaimable: 828508 kB
SUnreclaim: 193160 kB
KernelStack: 66336 kB
PageTables: 84196 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 15220280 kB
Committed_AS: 36287560 kB
VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed: 83692 kB
VmallocChunk: 34359493624 kB
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB
AnonHugePages: 15896576 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
DirectMap4k: 284672 kB
DirectMap2M: 22784000 kB
DirectMap1G: 8388608 kB
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MemTotal总内存，MemFree可用内存
② 查看可用内存（-m，单位是m，-g，单位是g）

$ free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 29727 18867 1248 1598 9611 8825
Swap: 0 0 0

$ free -g
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 29 18 1 1 9 8
Swap: 0 0 0
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空闲内存：total - used = free + buff/cache

我们通过free命令查看机器空闲内存时，会发现free的值很小。这主要是因为，在linux中有这么一种思想，内存不用白不用，因此它尽可能的cache和buffer一些数据，以方便下次使用。但实际上这些内存也是可以立刻拿来使用的。

三.硬盘

1.磁盘和分区

① 查看各分区使用情况

$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 45G 22G 24G 48% /
devtmpfs 906M 0 906M 0% /dev
tmpfs 921M 96K 921M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 921M 1004K 920M 1% /run
tmpfs 921M 0 921M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 195M 303M 40% /boot
tmpfs 185M 0 185M 0% /run/user/1001
tmpfs 185M 0 185M 0% /run/user/0
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② 查看指定目录的大小

$ du -sh /root
1.2G /root
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③ 查看所有分区

$ fdisk -l
磁盘 /dev/sda：32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节，62914560 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000a0cd4

设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 62914559 30944256 8e Linux LVM

磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：29.5 GB, 29490151424 字节，57597952 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：2147 MB, 2147483648 字节，4194304 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-docker--poolmeta：33 MB, 33554432 字节，65536 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

磁盘 /dev/mapper/docker-253:0-101330881-pool：107.4 GB, 107374182400 字节，209715200 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：65536 字节 / 65536 字节
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④ 查看所有交换分区

$ swapon -s
文件名类型大小已用权限
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 8 -1
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lsblk 可以看到有几个硬盘，每个硬盘分了几个区

[root@DP ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 222.6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 256M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 30G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 190.3G 0 part /project
sdb 8:16 0 1.8T 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 1.8T 0 part /data
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom

四.网络
1.网络属性信息
① 查看所有网络接口的属性

$ ifconfig
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 02:42:e1:b8:a5:4f txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.174.129 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.174.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:b3b4 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:50:b3:b4 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 28649 bytes 38411280 (36.6 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 8937 bytes 1226914 (1.1 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 4 bytes 340 (340.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4 bytes 340 (340.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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② 带宽

$ ethtool ens192(网卡名)
Settings for ens192:
Supported ports: [ TP ]
Supported link modes: 1000baseT/Full
10000baseT/Full
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: No
Advertised link modes: Not reported
Advertised pause frame use: No
Advertised auto-negotiation: No
Speed: 10000Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 0
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: off
MDI-X: Unknown
Supports Wake-on: uag
Wake-on: d
Link detected: yes
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主要查看speed

③ 查看路由表

$ route -n

Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 172.31.16.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 br-b3fca78f9ec2
172.31.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.240.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
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④ 查看所有监听端口

$ netstat -ntpl

Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10248 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 48609/kubelet
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 112434/java
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10249 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15725/kube-proxy
tcp 0 0 172.31.24.20:10250 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 48609/kubelet
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:50090 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 112806/java
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:26380 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 119314/redis-sentin
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6380 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 121036/./redis-serv
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:26381 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 126277/redis-sentin
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6381 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 94302/redis-server
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:26382 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 130400/redis-sentin
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6382 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 70223/redis-server
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:17070 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9519/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 172.31.24.20:10255 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 48609/kubelet
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20880 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 80641/java
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:19888 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9519/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 39892/java
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:28080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 39892/java
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1181/zabbix_agentd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:21268 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 80641/java
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8020 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1325/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:50070 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 112434/java
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50071 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9519/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8088 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 80641/java
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50072 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9519/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50073 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9519/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50074 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9519/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 112593/java
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50075 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 112593/java
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27070 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9519/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8030 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15480/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25664 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 112593/java
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:36000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 101488/sshd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:11970 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 80641/java
tcp 0 0 172.31.24.20:4194 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 48609/kubelet
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:50020 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 112593/java
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:18086 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 80641/java
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 51298/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::17070 :::* LISTEN 9519/nginx: master
tcp6 0 0 :::19888 :::* LISTEN 9519/nginx: master
tcp6 0 0 :::10256 :::* LISTEN 15725/kube-proxy
tcp6 0 0 :::21 :::* LISTEN 63183/vsftpd
tcp6 0 0 :::8087 :::* LISTEN 19337/java
tcp6 0 0 :::50071 :::* LISTEN 9519/nginx: master
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⑤ 查看所有已经建立的连接

$ netstat -napt

$ lsof -i:8030(端口号)

COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 15480 root 7u IPv4 260155918 0t0 TCP *:8030 (LISTEN)
nginx 15482 nobody 7u IPv4 260155918 0t0 TCP *:8030 (LISTEN)

$ netstat -apn | grep 8030(端口号)

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8030 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15480/nginx: master
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五.进程

1.查看进程

① 查看所有进程

$ ps -ef

UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 May28 ? 00:12:45 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20
root 2 0 0 May28 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 2 0 May28 ? 00:05:45 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 2 0 May28 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root 7 2 0 May28 ? 00:00:05 [migration/0]
root 8 2 0 May28 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_bh]
root 9 2 0 May28 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/0]
root 10 2 0 May28 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/1]
root 11 2 0 May28 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/2]
root 12 2 0 May28 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/3]
root 13 2 0 May28 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/4]
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可以通过ps -ef | grep 进程名进行过滤

$ ps -aux

USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.0 189908 4196 ? Ss May28 12:45 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May28 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May28 5:45 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May28 0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May28 0:05 [migration/0]
root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May28 0:00 [rcu_bh]
root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May28 0:00 [rcuob/0]
root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May28 0:00 [rcuob/1]
root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May28 0:00 [rcuob/2]
root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May28 0:00 [rcuob/3]
root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May28 0:00 [rcuob/4]
root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May28 0:00 [rcuob/5]
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ps -aux 可以看到进程占用CPU，内存情况

② 实时显示进程状态

$ top

top - 07:20:17 up 36 days, 5:31, 9 users, load average: 1.78, 1.48, 1.38
Tasks: 669 total, 2 running, 667 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 2.9 us, 4.9 sy, 0.0 ni, 92.0 id, 0.1 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 30440564 total, 797520 free, 19349712 used, 10293332 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 0 total, 0 free, 0 used. 9069184 avail Mem

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
14124 root 20 0 110092 536 408 R 100.0 0.0 8943:33 agetty
32399 root 20 0 9.932g 1.295g 18276 S 3.0 4.5 224:25.65 java
30791 root 20 0 9456624 314496 7304 S 1.7 1.0 102:43.09 java
60824 root 20 0 9461308 311600 7264 S 1.7 1.0 101:58.13 java
48609 root 20 0 1571064 50992 8996 S 1.0 0.2 153:24.50 kubelet
106830 root 20 0 420984 596 28 S 0.7 0.0 23:16.55 docker-containe
137 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 84:51.73 rcu_sched
138 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 28:02.18 rcuos/0
143 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 14:46.18 rcuos/5
145 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 14:36.10 rcuos/7
148 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 6:19.49 rcuos/10
152 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 6:20.98 rcuos/14
760 root 20 0 26884 1784 976 S 0.3 0.0 2:34.61 systemd-logind
1182 zabbix 20 0 45108 2104 1532 S 0.3 0.0 20:35.96 zabbix_agentd
9312 root 20 0 6126612 1.165g 29680 S 0.3 4.0 1:04.32 java
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六.用户
1.查看用户
① 查看活动用户

$ w

root pts/0 192.168.174.1 Mon Oct 24 09:51 still logged in
(unknown :0 :0 Mon Oct 24 09:27 still logged in
reboot system boot 3.10.0-327.el7.x Mon Oct 24 09:26 - 11:35 (02:09)
root pts/0 192.168.174.1 Fri Oct 21 09:41 - 18:44 (09:03)
(unknown :0 :0 Fri Oct 21 09:15 - 18:44 (09:28)
reboot system boot 3.10.0-327.el7.x Fri Oct 21 09:15 - 11:35 (3+02:20)
root pts/1 192.168.174.1 Thu Oct 20 10:05 - 18:13 (08:08)
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② 查看指定用户的信息

$ id root

uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
[root@localhost ~]# id cavan
uid=1001(cavan) gid=1001(cavan) groups=1001(cavan)
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③ 查看用户登录日志

$ last

$ cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd

root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
operator
games
ftp
nobody
dbus
polkitd
abrt
unbound
colord
usbmuxd