向量做语义检索,效果测试
  oGEad7UlSFFQ 2023年12月22日 19 0



  语义检索的效果确实不错,特别是在非关键词命中的情况下。就像我这个案例。通过做数据的文本嵌入,然后用向量的做召回。实现了语义的搜索。虽然我搜索的是“中国的首都”,但是把命中北京的也给我召回了,大大提升了召回效果。

  其中我用全文模糊匹配。召回top10,命中的数据完全不相关。但是用语义搜索召回10条数据,有8条都是在描述北京。这大概就是语义检索的魅力。

普通搜索搜索

问题:中国的首都

POST my_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": "中国的首都"
    }
  },
  "_source": ["title"]
}

普通搜索的召回

{
  "took": 11,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 2,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": {
      "value": 52,
      "relation": "eq"
    },
    "max_score": 10.82337,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "866c3fe0033efed6047ffcc5d0e9eaff",
        "_score": 10.82337,
        "_source": {
          "title": "中国的男人们在哪"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "9f0927938ebe9002091ac6b319a7ba2cz1",
        "_score": 10.301819,
        "_source": {
          "title": "英媒:投资中国的时机?“就是当下”"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "1d81a61adc99565bec4ef153a6a7d236z1",
        "_score": 9.914771,
        "_source": {
          "title": "研发出属于中国的“黑色黄金”"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "9121f2d9959e9063db7515f3f479571bz1",
        "_score": 9.914771,
        "_source": {
          "title": "研发出属于中国的“黑色黄金”"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "d36e2da9f11fb764fee66616139e8624",
        "_score": 9.718359,
        "_source": {
          "title": "中国的国鸟、国树、国宝、国花是哪些?"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "8145d4e100ec51107620d383370e7bae",
        "_score": 9.718359,
        "_source": {
          "title": "中国的社会公德有哪些 社会公德有哪些"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "11308f9cb1a6f86ade85d9a5e3991db6",
        "_score": 9.710967,
        "_source": {
          "title": "中国的崛起之路,又燃又催泪!"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "32b77f0c98d224893a9a592c37b3fb28",
        "_score": 9.515373,
        "_source": {
          "title": "特朗普提议大幅提高中国的关税"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "a607f403f08233c0eb397242acb438d6z1",
        "_score": 8.973172,
        "_source": {
          "title": "时光穿越50年,画家笔下中国的璀璨岁月"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "c51fac40c11bd3fa6aa95ff574444304",
        "_score": 8.973172,
        "_source": {
          "title": "#外国人请走开 #外国人在中国的生活"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

使用模型做文本嵌入

该演示模型为m3e。文本嵌入模型。

这里是利用es的机器学习模块,并用eland将模型导入到ES。我已经导入过模型了,在我的其它文章中,已经写过。这里只是用模型做文本嵌入。

POST _ml/trained_models/sentence-transformers__m3e-base/_infer
{
  "docs" : [
    {"text_field": "中国的首都"}
    ]
}

向量搜索

使用上一个步骤,将问题转向量。然后做搜索

POST my_index/_search
{
  "knn": {
    "field": "title_embedding.predicted_value",
    "query_vector": [
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  "_source": ["title"]
}

向量搜索的召回

[
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "0694ae411b304dd0020569fc11c6d255",
        "_score": 0.931366,
        "_source": {
          "title": "除了北京。哪里还合适作为新中国首都。"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "1a13cd4a80dceb474ffa249bcd858b0d",
        "_score": 0.931366,
        "_source": {
          "title": "除了北京。哪里还合适作为新中国首都。"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "1260eb87c371618f23e855b5bd21bc59",
        "_score": 0.931366,
        "_source": {
          "title": "除了北京。哪里还合适作为新中国首都。"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "672061a2a6e1ba2f4588f64b27e7a51f",
        "_score": 0.9063271,
        "_source": {
          "title": "北京的初回忆"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "82de4fdefa7b0ae5737a7f2745691441",
        "_score": 0.8953391,
        "_source": {
          "title": "一千中国人离开中国迁徙海外,租借土地999年,建起一座中国城"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "5be4873b15d2faa36c98b237fd20dcd3",
        "_score": 0.8938775,
        "_source": {
          "title": "第一次来首都北京,但不是为了玩乐,而且千里求医,愿一切顺利"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "6cdb573966fad2703fd31546a1c2bd6b",
        "_score": 0.89284897,
        "_source": {
          "title": "平安到家乡的城市"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "577415939eb39c9b4829fe023ff9e620fw",
        "_score": 0.89217013,
        "_source": {
          "title": "北京首都开发股份有限公司"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "f2d5f9ab7d92bbdb142f5ccb03feaaef",
        "_score": 0.8895248,
        "_source": {
          "title": "北京城儿那些事儿"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "my_index",
        "_id": "b9de2d92d19f8ad875c2cafde08b360fbjsj",
        "_score": 0.8891097,
        "_source": {
          "title": "好像只有我们中国人最爱一股脑的往城里挤。住着高楼大厦,像蚂蚁"
        }
      }
    ]
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