如果您还记得无涯教程最初的Hello World示例,则其中包含以下内容:
expect(message).to eq "Hello World!"
关键字eq是 RSpec 匹配器。在这里,将介绍RSpec中的其他类型的匹配器。
匹配器
匹配器以测试对象或值是否相等。
Matcher | Remark | Example |
---|---|---|
eq | Passes when actual == expected | expect(actual).to eq expected |
eql | Passes when actual.eql?(expected) | expect(actual).to eql expected |
be | Passes when actual.equal?(expected) | expect(actual).to be expected |
equal | Also passes when actual.equal?(expected) | expect(actual).to equal expected |
describe "An example of the equality Matchers" do it "should show how the equality Matchers work" do a="test string" b=a # The following Expectations will all pass expect(a).to eq "test string" expect(a).to eql "test string" expect(a).to be b expect(a).to equal b end end
执行以上代码后,将产生以下输出。秒数在您的计算机上可能会略有不同-
. Finished in 0.036 seconds (files took 0.11901 seconds to load) 1 example, 0 failures
比较匹配
用于与值进行比较的匹配器。
Matcher | Remark | Example |
---|---|---|
> | Passes when actual > expected | expect(actual).to be > expected |
>= | Passes when actual >= expected | expect(actual).to be >= expected |
< | Passes when actual < expected | expect(actual).to be < expected |
<= | Passes when actual <= expected | expect(actual).to be <= expected |
be_between inclusive | Passes when actual is <= min and >= max | expect(actual).to be_between(min, max).inclusive |
be_between exclusive | Passes when actual is < min and > max | expect(actual).to be_between(min, max).exclusive |
match | Passes when actual matches a regular expression | expect(actual).to match(/regex/) |
describe "An example of the comparison Matchers" do it "should show how the comparison Matchers work" do a=1 b=2 c=3 d='test string' # The following Expectations will all pass expect(b).to be > a expect(a).to be >= a expect(a).to be < b expect(b).to be <= b expect(c).to be_between(1,3).inclusive expect(b).to be_between(1,3).exclusive expect(d).to match /TEST/i end end
执行以上代码后,将产生以下输出。秒数在您的计算机上可能会略有不同-
. Finished in 0.013 seconds (files took 0.11801 seconds to load) 1 example, 0 failures
类型匹配
用于测试对象类型或类别的匹配器。
Matcher | Remark | Example |
---|---|---|
be_instance_of | Passes when actual is an instance of the expected class. | expect(actual).to be_instance_of(Expected) |
be_kind_of | Passes when actual is an instance of the expected class or any of its parent classes. | expect(actual).to be_kind_of(Expected) |
respond_to | Passes when actual responds to the specified method. | expect(actual).to respond_to(expected) |
describe "An example of the type/class Matchers" do it "should show how the type/class Matchers work" do x=1 y=3.14 z='test string' # The following Expectations will all pass expect(x).to be_instance_of Fixnum expect(y).to be_kind_of Numeric expect(z).to respond_to(:length) end end
执行以上代码后,将产生以下输出。秒数在您的计算机上可能会略有不同-
. Finished in 0.002 seconds (files took 0.12201 seconds to load) 1 example, 0 failures
true/false/nil匹配
用于测试值是true,false还是nil的匹配器。
Matcher | Remark | Example |
---|---|---|
be true | Passes when actual == true | expect(actual).to be true |
be false | Passes when actual == false | expect(actual).to be false |
be_truthy | Passes when actual is not false or nil | expect(actual).to be_truthy |
be_falsey | Passes when actual is false or nil | expect(actual).to be_falsey |
be_nil | Passes when actual is nil | expect(actual).to be_nil |
describe "An example of the true/false/nil Matchers" do it "should show how the true/false/nil Matchers work" do x=true y=false z=nil a="test string" # The following Expectations will all pass expect(x).to be true expect(y).to be false expect(a).to be_truthy expect(z).to be_falsey expect(z).to be_nil end end
执行以上代码后,将产生以下输出。秒数在您的计算机上可能会略有不同-
. Finished in 0.003 seconds (files took 0.12301 seconds to load) 1 example, 0 failures
错误匹配
当代码块引发错误时,用于测试的匹配器。
Matcher | Remark | Example |
---|---|---|
raise_error(ErrorClass) | 当块引发 ErrorClass 类型的错误时通过。 | expect {block}.to raise_error(ErrorClass) |
raise_error("error message") | 当块引发错误并显示消息“错误消息”时通过。 | expect {block}.to raise_error(“error message”) |
raise_error(ErrorClass, "error message") | 当块引发带有“错误消息”消息的 ErrorClass 类型的错误时通过 | expect {block}.to raise_error(ErrorClass,“error message”) |
将以下代码保存到名为 error_matcher_spec.rb 的文件中,并使用以下命令- rspec error_matcher_spec.rb 运行它。
describe "An example of the error Matchers" do it "should show how the error Matchers work" do # The following Expectations will all pass expect { 1/0 }.to raise_error(ZeroDivisionError) expect { 1/0 }.to raise_error("divided by 0") expect { 1/0 }.to raise_error("divided by 0", ZeroDivisionError) end end
执行以上代码后,将产生以下输出。秒数在您的计算机上可能会略有不同-
. Finished in 0.002 seconds (files took 0.12101 seconds to load) 1 example, 0 failures