1.首先在Linux下打开自动生成Dump文件的功能。
ulimit -c unlimited //设置对core_dump文件大小的限制为无限
ulimit -c //查询core_dump文件大小的限制，显示为0表示关闭
2.在Linux下创建test.cpp写入以下代码：
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <chrono>
using namespace std;
mutex m1,m2;
void func_2()
{
m2.lock();
cout<< "Dead_Lock"<<endl;
m1.lock();
}
void func_1()
{
m1.lock();
chrono::milliseconds dura( 1000 );// delay to trigger dead_lock
this_thread::sleep_for( dura );
m2.lock();
}
int main()
{
thread t1(func_1);
thread t2(func_2);
t1.join();
t2.join();
return 0;
}在这段代码中，有两个线程t1和t2，它们分别调用func_1和func_2函数。func_1函数首先获取m1互斥锁，然后延时一段时间，接着尝试获取m2互斥锁。而func_2函数则相反，首先获取m2互斥锁，然后尝试获取m1互斥锁。 如果t1线程先执行，它会获取m1互斥锁，然后进入延时状态。同时，t2线程会获取m2互斥锁。但是，当t1线程结束延时后，它需要获取m2互斥锁才能继续执行，而此时m2已经被t2线程占用了。同样地，t2线程需要获取m1互斥锁才能继续执行，而此时m1已经被t1线程占用了。因此，两个线程都无法继续执行，形成了死锁。
3.编译
g++ -std=c++11 -g test.cpp -o test -pthread在C++11之前，C++标准库并没有提供原生的多线程支持。因此，如果你想要在C++中进行多线程编程，需要使用操作系统提供的线程库，如POSIX线程库（pthread）或Windows线程库。
但是，C++11引入了自己的线程库，即<thread>头文件和std::thread类等。这个新的线程库提供了更高级的抽象和更方便的接口，使得多线程编程更加容易和安全。因此，在使用C++11线程库时，需要使用-std=c++11或更高版本的标准来启用C++11特性。 -pthread链接线程库。
4.运行
./test5.此时程序并不会奔溃退出，需要通过kill 指令来杀死程序，kill杀死程序可选择的信号有许多，我们选择SIGQUIT（3）,：由终端产生的退出信号，快捷键是Ctrl+\。主动结束程序后会生成Dump文件。 ctrl+c 同样可以终止程序，但是ctrl+c发送的信号是SIGINT 不属于用于进行调试和故障排除的信号。
6.后续通过GDB对Dump文件进行分析，可以通过其中的关键字__lll_lock_wait ()判断为死锁。
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/usr/lib64/libthread_db.so.1".
Core was generated by `./test'.
Program terminated with signal SIGQUIT, Quit.
#0 0x00007fe10bca95e5 in pthread_join () from /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0
#0 0x00007fe10bca95e5 in pthread_join () from /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0
No symbol table info available.
#1 0x00007fe10c496c37 in std::thread::join() () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
No symbol table info available.
#2 0x000000000040115d in main () at test.cpp:26
t1 = {_M_id = {_M_thread = 140604538238720}}
t2 = {_M_id = {_M_thread = 140604529846016}}
Id Target Id Frame
3 Thread 0x7fe10b0e2700 (LWP 50004) 0x00007fe10bcaff1d in __lll_lock_wait () from /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0
2 Thread 0x7fe10b8e3700 (LWP 50003) 0x00007fe10bcaff1d in __lll_lock_wait () from /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0
* 1 Thread 0x7fe10c8e5740 (LWP 50002) 0x00007fe10bca95e5 in pthread_join () from /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0
Thread 3 (Thread 0x7fe10b0e2700 (LWP 50004)):
#0 0x00007fe10bcaff1d in __lll_lock_wait () from /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0
#1 0x00007fe10bcaa89d in pthread_mutex_lock () from /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0
#2 0x000000000040102e in __gthread_mutex_lock (__mutex=0x605320 <m1>) at /usr/include/c++/4.9.2/x86_64-neokylin-linux/bits/gthr-default.h:748
#3 0x0000000000401434 in std::mutex::lock (this=0x605320 <m1>) at /usr/include/c++/4.9.2/mutex:135
#4 0x00000000004010f2 in func_2 () at test.cpp:11
#5 0x0000000000402873 in std::_Bind_simple<void (*())()>::_M_invoke<>(std::_Index_tuple<>) (this=0x11862c8) at /usr/include/c++/4.9.2/functional:1700
#6 0x00000000004027bb in std::_Bind_simple<void (*())()>::operator()() (this=0x11862c8) at /usr/include/c++/4.9.2/functional:1688
#7 0x0000000000402738 in std::thread::_Impl<std::_Bind_simple<void (*())()> >::_M_run() (this=0x11862b0) at /usr/include/c++/4.9.2/thread:115
#8 0x00007fe10c496da0 in ?? () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
#9 0x00007fe10bca852a in start_thread () from /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0
#10 0x00007fe10b9e47bd in clone () from /usr/lib64/libc.so.6
Thread 2 (Thread 0x7fe10b8e3700 (LWP 50003)):
#0 0x00007fe10bcaff1d in __lll_lock_wait () from /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0
#1 0x00007fe10bcaa89d in pthread_mutex_lock () from /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0
#2 0x000000000040102e in __gthread_mutex_lock (__mutex=0x605360 <m2>) at /usr/include/c++/4.9.2/x86_64-neokylin-linux/bits/gthr-default.h:748
#3 0x0000000000401434 in std::mutex::lock (this=0x605360 <m2>) at /usr/include/c++/4.9.2/mutex:135
#4 0x0000000000401124 in func_1 () at test.cpp:19
#5 0x0000000000402873 in std::_Bind_simple<void (*())()>::_M_invoke<>(std::_Index_tuple<>) (this=0x1186038) at /usr/include/c++/4.9.2/functional:1700
#6 0x00000000004027bb in std::_Bind_simple<void (*())()>::operator()() (this=0x1186038) at /usr/include/c++/4.9.2/functional:1688
#7 0x0000000000402738 in std::thread::_Impl<std::_Bind_simple<void (*())()> >::_M_run() (this=0x1186020) at /usr/include/c++/4.9.2/thread:115
#8 0x00007fe10c496da0 in ?? () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
#9 0x00007fe10bca852a in start_thread () from /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0
#10 0x00007fe10b9e47bd in clone () from /usr/lib64/libc.so.6
Thread 1 (Thread 0x7fe10c8e5740 (LWP 50002)):
#0 0x00007fe10bca95e5 in pthread_join () from /usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0
#1 0x00007fe10c496c37 in std::thread::join() () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
#2 0x000000000040115d in main () at test.cpp:26
Dump of assembler code for function pthread_join:
0x00007fe10bca94f0 <+0>: mov 0x2d0(%rdi),%eax
0x00007fe10bca94f6 <+6>: test %eax,%eax
0x00007fe10bca94f8 <+8>: js 0x7fe10bca9630 <pthread_join+320>
0x00007fe10bca94fe <+14>: cmp %rdi,0x628(%rdi)
0x00007fe10bca9505 <+21>: mov $0x16,%eax
0x00007fe10bca950a <+26>: je 0x7fe10bca95c9 <pthread_join+217>
0x00007fe10bca9510 <+32>: push %r15
0x00007fe10bca9512 <+34>: push %r14
0x00007fe10bca9514 <+36>: mov %rsi,%r14
0x00007fe10bca9517 <+39>: push %r13
0x00007fe10bca9519 <+41>: push %r12
0x00007fe10bca951b <+43>: push %rbp
0x00007fe10bca951c <+44>: push %rbx
0x00007fe10bca951d <+45>: mov %rdi,%rbx
0x00007fe10bca9520 <+48>: mov %fs:0x10,%r12
0x00007fe10bca9529 <+57>: sub $0x28,%rsp
0x00007fe10bca952d <+61>: nop
0x00007fe10bca952e <+62>: lea 0x628(%rdi),%r13
0x00007fe10bca9535 <+69>: lea -0x6c(%rip),%rsi # 0x7fe10bca94d0 <cleanup>
0x00007fe10bca953c <+76>: mov %rsp,%rdi
0x00007fe10bca953f <+79>: mov %rsp,%r15
0x00007fe10bca9542 <+82>: mov %r13,%rdx
0x00007fe10bca9545 <+85>: callq 0x7fe10bcafa10 <_pthread_cleanup_push>
0x00007fe10bca954a <+90>: callq 0x7fe10bcafe10 <__pthread_enable_asynccancel>
0x00007fe10bca954f <+95>: cmp %r12,%rbx
0x00007fe10bca9552 <+98>: mov %eax,%r8d
0x00007fe10bca9555 <+101>: je 0x7fe10bca95fd <pthread_join+269>
0x00007fe10bca955b <+107>: cmp %rbx,0x628(%r12)
0x00007fe10bca9563 <+115>: je 0x7fe10bca95f0 <pthread_join+256>
0x00007fe10bca9569 <+121>: xor %eax,%eax
0x00007fe10bca956b <+123>: lock cmpxchg %r12,0x0(%r13)
0x00007fe10bca9571 <+129>: jne 0x7fe10bca9640 <pthread_join+336>
0x00007fe10bca9577 <+135>: mov 0x2d0(%rbx),%eax
0x00007fe10bca957d <+141>: test %eax,%eax
0x00007fe10bca957f <+143>: mov %eax,%edx
0x00007fe10bca9581 <+145>: jne 0x7fe10bca95d0 <pthread_join+224>
0x00007fe10bca9583 <+147>: mov %r8d,%edi
0x00007fe10bca9586 <+150>: callq 0x7fe10bcafe70 <__pthread_disable_asynccancel>
0x00007fe10bca958b <+155>: xor %esi,%esi
0x00007fe10bca958d <+157>: mov %r15,%rdi
0x00007fe10bca9590 <+160>: callq 0x7fe10bcafa30 <_pthread_cleanup_pop>
0x00007fe10bca9595 <+165>: test %r14,%r14
0x00007fe10bca9598 <+168>: movl $0xffffffff,0x2d0(%rbx)
0x00007fe10bca95a2 <+178>: je 0x7fe10bca95ae <pthread_join+190>
0x00007fe10bca95a4 <+180>: mov 0x630(%rbx),%rax
0x00007fe10bca95ab <+187>: mov %rax,(%r14)
0x00007fe10bca95ae <+190>: mov %rbx,%rdi
0x00007fe10bca95b1 <+193>: xor %ebp,%ebp
0x00007fe10bca95b3 <+195>: callq 0x7fe10bca8270 <__free_tcb>
0x00007fe10bca95b8 <+200>: nop
0x00007fe10bca95b9 <+201>: add $0x28,%rsp
0x00007fe10bca95bd <+205>: mov %ebp,%eax
0x00007fe10bca95bf <+207>: pop %rbx
0x00007fe10bca95c0 <+208>: pop %rbp
0x00007fe10bca95c1 <+209>: pop %r12
0x00007fe10bca95c3 <+211>: pop %r13
0x00007fe10bca95c5 <+213>: pop %r14
0x00007fe10bca95c7 <+215>: pop %r15
0x00007fe10bca95c9 <+217>: repz retq
0x00007fe10bca95cb <+219>: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
0x00007fe10bca95d0 <+224>: lea 0x2d0(%rbx),%rdi
0x00007fe10bca95d7 <+231>: xor %esi,%esi
0x00007fe10bca95d9 <+233>: xor %r10,%r10
0x00007fe10bca95dc <+236>: mov $0xca,%rax
0x00007fe10bca95e3 <+243>: syscall
=> 0x00007fe10bca95e5 <+245>: cmpl $0x0,(%rdi)
0x00007fe10bca95e8 <+248>: jne 0x7fe10bca95dc <pthread_join+236>
0x00007fe10bca95ea <+250>: jmp 0x7fe10bca9583 <pthread_join+147>
0x00007fe10bca95ec <+252>: nopl 0x0(%rax)
0x00007fe10bca95f0 <+256>: testb $0x3c,0x308(%rbx)
0x00007fe10bca95f7 <+263>: jne 0x7fe10bca9569 <pthread_join+121>
0x00007fe10bca95fd <+269>: mov 0x308(%r12),%eax
0x00007fe10bca9605 <+277>: mov $0x23,%ebp
0x00007fe10bca960a <+282>: and $0xffffffb9,%eax
0x00007fe10bca960d <+285>: cmp $0x8,%eax
0x00007fe10bca9610 <+288>: je 0x7fe10bca9569 <pthread_join+121>
0x00007fe10bca9616 <+294>: mov %r8d,%edi
0x00007fe10bca9619 <+297>: callq 0x7fe10bcafe70 <__pthread_disable_asynccancel>
0x00007fe10bca961e <+302>: xor %esi,%esi
0x00007fe10bca9620 <+304>: mov %r15,%rdi
0x00007fe10bca9623 <+307>: callq 0x7fe10bcafa30 <_pthread_cleanup_pop>
0x00007fe10bca9628 <+312>: jmp 0x7fe10bca95b8 <pthread_join+200>
0x00007fe10bca962a <+314>: nopw 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
0x00007fe10bca9630 <+320>: mov $0x3,%eax
0x00007fe10bca9635 <+325>: retq
0x00007fe10bca9636 <+326>: nopw %cs:0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
0x00007fe10bca9640 <+336>: mov $0x16,%ebp
0x00007fe10bca9645 <+341>: jmp 0x7fe10bca9616 <pthread_join+294>
End of assembler dump.