golang内置了pprof功能，非常方便和强大，分别有“runtime/pporf”和“net/http/pprof”包来支持。我们这里用http-server来演示。

第一步：引入net/http/pprof包

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	_ "net/http/pprof"
)

func main() {
	http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe("localhost:8000", nil))
}

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "URL.Path=%q\n", r.URL.Path)
}

第二步：执行采样

1. 采样CPU：go tool pprof http://localhost:8000/debug/pprof/profile?seconds=100
2. 采样堆内存：go tool pprof http://localhost:8000/debug/pprof/heap
3. 采样阻塞：go tool pprof http://localhost:8000/debug/pprof/block
4. 采样Mutex：go tool pprof http://localhost:8000/debug/pprof/mutex
5. 采样Trace：curl -o trace.out http://localhost:8000/debug/pprof/trace?seconds=5 go tool trace trace.out

采样结束后，会生成文件，如CPU采样生成：pprof.samples.cpu.001.pb.gz文件。可以通过命令行分析，也可以通过graphviz进行分析。

第三步：下载graphviz进行分析

mac电脑下载：brew install graphviz 然后执行命令：go tool pprof -http=:8081 pprof.samples.cpu.001.pb.gz 然后通过http://localhost:8081/ui/进行分析。

参考

https://blog.csdn.net/raoxiaoya/article/details/118493465

https://pkg.go.dev/net/http/pprof@go1.20.5

https://pkg.go.dev/runtime/pprof@go1.20.5