form1.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Microsoft.DirectX;
using Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;
 
namespace XNAGame_009
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        /*
         * 1.编写Direct3D程序,首先需要安装direct3d sdk程序。
         * 2.项目引用中,需要添加Microsoft.DirectX,Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D,Microsoft.Direct3DX,
         * 3.上面的引用,我的电脑的路径是C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\DirectX for Managed Code\1.0.2902.0
         * 4.vs项目属性中,引用路径要把C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft DirectX SDK (June 2010)\Include\,
         * 和C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft DirectX SDK (June 2010)\Lib\,都包含进来。
         * 5.在form1.cs中,需要引用 using Microsoft.DirectX,using Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;
         * 6.非常重要的一点,此点不解决,窗体不显示,在App.config配置文件中,加入<startup useLegacyV2RuntimeActivationPolicy="true"> 
         * 
         * 
         */
        //设备类
        private Device device1 = null;
 
        //
        bool pause = false;
 
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
 
        public bool InitializeGraphics()
        {
            try
            {
                PresentParameters param1 = new PresentParameters();
                param1.Windowed = true;  // 非全屏模式,即窗口模式 
                param1.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard;  // 后备缓存模式,新帧显示,旧帧丢弃
                param1.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true;  //自动深度测试
                param1.AutoDepthStencilFormat = DepthFormat.D16; //深度缓存区单元为16位二进制
                
                device1 = new Device(0, DeviceType.Hardware, this, CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing, param1);
                device1.DeviceReset += new System.EventHandler(this.OnResetDevice);
                this.OnCreateDevice(device1, null);
                this.OnResetDevice(device1, null);
            
                return true;
            }
            catch (DirectXException ex)
            {
                return false;
            }
 
        }
 
        public void Render()
        {
            if (device1 == null) return;   // 设备类没有初始化,为空,不渲染
            if (pause) return; // 暂停,窗体最小化,不可见,不渲染
            device1.Clear(ClearFlags.Target|ClearFlags.ZBuffer,Color.Blue,1.0f,0);
            device1.BeginScene();
            
            //
            device1.EndScene();
            device1.Present();
        }
 
        private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
        {
            this.Render();
        }
 
        public void OnCreateDevice(object sender, EventArgs e)
        { 
        
        }
 
        public void OnResetDevice(object sender, EventArgs e)
        { 
            
        }
 
        private void Form1_Resize(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            pause = ((this.WindowState == FormWindowState.Minimized) || !this.Visible);
        }
    }
}

program.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
 
namespace XNAGame_009
{
    static class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 应用程序的主入口点。
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            //Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            //Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
            //Application.Run(new Form1());
            using(Form1 frm = new Form1())
            {
                if (frm.InitializeGraphics() == false)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("无法初始化Direct 3D,退出");
                    return;
                }
                frm.Show();
                while(frm.Created == true)
                {
                    frm.Render();
                    Application.DoEvents();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

app.config

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
    <startup useLegacyV2RuntimeActivationPolicy="true"> 
        <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5" />
    </startup>
</configuration>

useLegacyV2RuntimeActivationPolicy="true",这个配置很重要,没有这个配置,窗体无法显示。游戏开发】