IP段就是网段，一般指一个计算机网络中使用同一物理层设备（传输介质，中继器，集线器等）能够直接通讯的那一部分。例如，从103.219.30.1到103.219.30.255这之间就是一个网段。
在同一网段，要求网络标识相同。网络标识就是用IP的二进制与子网掩码的二进制数据作'与'运算（可用WINDOWS计算器算二进制），所得结果，而不是IP地址前几段相同就表示在同一网段。若网络标识相同，就表示在同一网段。
IP网段在中文的网络知识入门中，这个词更经常地被误用来指代“子网”，也就是网络层中由网关或路由器等设备隔开的不同部分。
例如IP为 192.168.0.1 ~ 192.168.0.254 的设备就位于掩码 255.255.255.0 的同一子网中，这句话经常被说成“位于192.168.0.x ‘网段’中”，如果不涉及网络层之下的结构，这么说不会混淆，但是在深入探讨互联网底层结构时，应该避免使用“网段”来指代“子网”。
IPv4的地址由四段数字组成（以后将扩充更改），常分为三类IP:
A类：0.0.0.0到127.255.255.255
B类：128.0.0.0到191.255.255.255
C类：192.0.0.0到223.255.255.255
IP默认分配的子网掩码每段只有255或0：
A类的默认子网掩码 255.0.0.0 一个子网最多可以容纳1677万多台电脑
B类的默认子网掩码 255.255.0.0 一个子网最多可以容纳6万台电脑
C类的默认子网掩码 255.255.255.0 一个子网最多可以容纳254台电脑
绍兴高防护段（TCP_SYN,ACK,RST）展示：
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